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Quantitative Estimation of the Decomposition of Deer Feces Using the Funkago Method
Cervus nippon centralis decomposition dung beetle feces Funkago method
2009/8/27
We describe the “Funkago method”, a field method to estimate the decomposition rate of deer feces that includes fragmentation of feces but not direct transportation into soil by dung beetles. We compa...
The Relationship between Bark-stripping Damage to Forest Trees Caused by Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) and Understory Vegetation
bark-stripping Cervus nippon plantation forests preventing deer damage understory vegetation
2009/8/27
The relationship between the number of bark-stripped trees and understory vegetation was examined in cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) plantations in the Kuma region of Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. First,...
Life History Evolution of the Andromeda Lace Bug,Stephanitis takeyai,Induced by the Simplification of Vegetation in Nara Park,Caused by Browsing of the Sika Deer,Cervus nippon
ecological interaction insect life history evolution migration sika deer
2009/8/24
In Nara Park, population density of conserved sika deer has been very high for several hundreds of years. This caused vegetation simplification to toxic and unpalatable plants. The andromeda lace bug,...
Feed Back Indirect Effects of Deer on the Plant-animal Interactions
Aucuba japonica density dependence parasitism pollination sika deer
2009/8/24
Mammalian herbivores can directly and/or indirectly affect ecosystems. Here, we review an indirect effect of mammalian herbivores, which affects plant reproduction by changing the relationships betwee...
Indirect Effect of Deer Browsing on a Gall Midge of the Dwarf Bamboo and Its Parasitoids
deer browsing gall midge indirect effect parasitoid Sasa nipponica
2009/8/24
At Mt. Ôdaigahara, in west-central Japan, we compared the survivorship of an unidentified gall midge (Cecidomyiidae: tribe Oligotrophini) that forms galls on the culms of dwarf bamboo (Sasa nipp...
Indirect Interactions between Deer and Spiders Disentangle Interaction Chains in Ecosystems
web spiders food web community ecosystem disturbance metapopulation
2009/8/24
Spiders are common generalist predators in terrestrial ecosystems, half of which are web-builders living among vegetations and on the ground. Web spiders have diverse foraging mode and microhabitat re...
A Reduction of Dung-beetle Community Diversity Caused by an Increasing Sika Deer Population in the Ohdaigahara Subalpine Plateau
biodiversity conservation dung supply evenness species diversity species richness
2009/8/24
The Ohdaigahara subalpine plateau has recently suffered deforestation caused by an increasing population of sika deer (Cervus nippon), which stripe the bark of many coniferous trees and browse seedlin...
Deer Damage Reveals Biological Interactions in a Forest Ecosystem
Deer Damage Interactions Ecosystem
2009/8/24
Deer Damage Reveals Biological Interactions in a Forest Ecosystem.